Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	16
Number of observations	374860
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	45.8 MiB
Average record size in memory	128.0 B

Variable types

CAT	8
NUM	8

Warnings

`name` has a high cardinality: 372068 distinct values	High cardinality
`category` has a high cardinality: 159 distinct values	High cardinality
`deadline` has a high cardinality: 3164 distinct values	High cardinality
`launched` has a high cardinality: 374298 distinct values	High cardinality
`usd_pledged_real` is highly correlated with `pledged` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`pledged` is highly correlated with `usd_pledged_real`	High correlation
`usd pledged` is highly correlated with `usd_pledged_real`	High correlation
`usd_goal_real` is highly correlated with `goal`	High correlation
`goal` is highly correlated with `usd_goal_real`	High correlation
`country` is highly correlated with `currency`	High correlation
`currency` is highly correlated with `country`	High correlation
`goal` is highly skewed (γ1 = 70.44444164)	Skewed
`pledged` is highly skewed (γ1 = 74.9629582)	Skewed
`backers` is highly skewed (γ1 = 86.34074093)	Skewed
`usd pledged` is highly skewed (γ1 = 105.8993653)	Skewed
`usd_pledged_real` is highly skewed (γ1 = 82.00467516)	Skewed
`usd_goal_real` is highly skewed (γ1 = 77.82887696)	Skewed
`GoalReachedPercentage` is highly skewed (γ1 = 252.5160537)	Skewed
`name` is uniformly distributed	Uniform
`launched` is uniformly distributed	Uniform
`ID` has unique values	Unique
`pledged` has 51808 (13.8%) zeros	Zeros
`backers` has 51811 (13.8%) zeros	Zeros
`usd pledged` has 68111 (18.2%) zeros	Zeros
`usd_pledged_real` has 51808 (13.8%) zeros	Zeros
`GoalReachedPercentage` has 51808 (13.8%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2020-11-18 19:00:26.889183
Analysis finished	2020-11-18 19:01:17.803895
Duration	50.91 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v2.9.0
Download configuration	config.yaml

ID
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

UNIQUE

Distinct	374860
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	1074652356
Minimum	5971
Maximum	2147476221
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.9 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	5971
5-th percentile	108665913.6
Q1	538063323
median	1075289160
Q3	1610137351
95-th percentile	2039710999
Maximum	2147476221
Range	2147470250
Interquartile range (IQR)	1072074028

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	619136772.6
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5761274978
Kurtosis	-1.198059604
Mean	1074652356
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	536018356
Skewness	-0.002572662134
Sum	4.02844182e+14
Variance	3.833303432e+17
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
41420799	1	< 0.1%
71987657	1	< 0.1%
1717217536	1	< 0.1%
71981071	1	< 0.1%
1570410135	1	< 0.1%
715957278	1	< 0.1%
2028132855	1	< 0.1%
646267140	1	< 0.1%
1328216330	1	< 0.1%
1211285773	1	< 0.1%
Other values (374850)	374850	> 99.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5971	1	< 0.1%
18520	1	< 0.1%
21109	1	< 0.1%
21371	1	< 0.1%
24380	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2147476221	1	< 0.1%
2147472329	1	< 0.1%
2147466649	1	< 0.1%
2147460119	1	< 0.1%
2147455254	1	< 0.1%

name
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY
UNIFORM

Distinct	372068
Distinct (%)	99.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.9 MiB

New EP/Music Development	13
Canceled (Canceled)	13
N/A (Canceled)	11
Music Video	11
New EP / Music Development	10
Other values (372063)	374802

Frequencies
Length

Common Values
Overview

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
New EP/Music Development	13	< 0.1%
Canceled (Canceled)	13	< 0.1%
N/A (Canceled)	11	< 0.1%
Music Video	11	< 0.1%
New EP / Music Development	10	< 0.1%
Cancelled (Canceled)	10	< 0.1%
Reflections	9	< 0.1%
Debut Album	9	< 0.1%
The Journey	9	< 0.1%
Pizza	8	< 0.1%
Other values (372058)	374757	> 99.9%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	369880 ?
Unique (%)	98.7%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	96
Median length	34
Mean length	34.86675292
Min length	1

category
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY

Distinct	159
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.9 MiB

Product Design	22310
Documentary	16138
Tabletop Games	14178
Music	13340
Shorts	12357
Other values (154)	296537

Frequencies
Length

Common Values
Overview

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Product Design	22310	6.0%
Documentary	16138	4.3%
Tabletop Games	14178	3.8%
Music	13340	3.6%
Shorts	12357	3.3%
Video Games	11828	3.2%
Food	11492	3.1%
Film & Video	9224	2.5%
Fiction	9168	2.4%
Fashion	8554	2.3%
Other values (149)	246271	65.7%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	18
Median length	9
Mean length	9.062695406
Min length	3

main_category
Categorical

Distinct	15
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.9 MiB

Film & Video	62696
Music	49530
Publishing	39379
Games	35225
Technology	32562
Other values (10)	155468

Frequencies
Length

Common Values
Overview

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Film & Video	62696	16.7%
Music	49530	13.2%
Publishing	39379	10.5%
Games	35225	9.4%
Technology	32562	8.7%
Design	30066	8.0%
Art	28152	7.5%
Food	24599	6.6%
Fashion	22812	6.1%
Theater	10912	2.9%
Other values (5)	38927	10.4%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	12
Median length	6
Mean length	7.462930161
Min length	3

currency
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	14
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.9 MiB

USD	292624
GBP	33671
EUR	17219
CAD	14756
AUD	7839
Other values (9)	8751

Frequencies
Length

Common Values
Overview

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
USD	292624	78.1%
GBP	33671	9.0%
EUR	17219	4.6%
CAD	14756	3.9%
AUD	7839	2.1%
SEK	1757	0.5%
MXN	1752	0.5%
NZD	1447	0.4%
DKK	1113	0.3%
CHF	761	0.2%
Other values (4)	1921	0.5%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	3
Median length	3
Mean length	3
Min length	3

deadline
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY

Distinct	3164
Distinct (%)	0.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.9 MiB

2014-08-08	702
2014-08-10	556
2014-08-07	541
2014-08-09	473
2015-05-01	463
Other values (3159)	372125

Frequencies
Length

Common Values
Overview

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2014-08-08	702	0.2%
2014-08-10	556	0.1%
2014-08-07	541	0.1%
2014-08-09	473	0.1%
2015-05-01	463	0.1%
2015-07-01	437	0.1%
2014-08-15	421	0.1%
2015-04-01	420	0.1%
2014-08-31	411	0.1%
2014-08-14	411	0.1%
Other values (3154)	370025	98.7%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	38 ?
Unique (%)	< 0.1%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	10
Median length	10
Mean length	10
Min length	10

goal
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
SKEWED

Distinct	8312
Distinct (%)	2.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	49522.98884
Minimum	0.01
Maximum	100000000
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.9 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.01
5-th percentile	400
Q1	2000
median	5500
Q3	16500
95-th percentile	90000
Maximum	100000000
Range	99999999.99
Interquartile range (IQR)	14500

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1189361.601
Coefficient of variation (CV)	24.0163534
Kurtosis	5519.119935
Mean	49522.98884
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	4500
Skewness	70.44444164
Sum	1.85641876e+10
Variance	1.414581018e+12
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5000	29180	7.8%
10000	25980	6.9%
1000	16876	4.5%
3000	15348	4.1%
2000	14903	4.0%
15000	14222	3.8%
20000	13092	3.5%
500	11597	3.1%
2500	11589	3.1%
25000	10365	2.8%
Other values (8302)	211708	56.5%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.01	2	< 0.1%
0.15	1	< 0.1%
0.5	1	< 0.1%
1	430	0.1%
1.85	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
100000000	36	< 0.1%
99000000	2	< 0.1%
80000000	2	< 0.1%
75000000	1	< 0.1%
73000000	1	< 0.1%

launched
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY
UNIFORM

Distinct	374298
Distinct (%)	99.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.9 MiB

1970-01-01 01:00:00	7
2013-05-06 17:47:30	2
2016-10-24 19:11:04	2
2012-04-19 01:42:00	2
2016-05-03 02:36:20	2
Other values (374293)	374845

Frequencies
Length

Common Values
Overview

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1970-01-01 01:00:00	7	< 0.1%
2013-05-06 17:47:30	2	< 0.1%
2016-10-24 19:11:04	2	< 0.1%
2012-04-19 01:42:00	2	< 0.1%
2016-05-03 02:36:20	2	< 0.1%
2014-07-03 22:29:36	2	< 0.1%
2016-05-23 03:39:59	2	< 0.1%
2012-03-10 15:31:39	2	< 0.1%
2017-12-08 20:43:30	2	< 0.1%
2014-06-02 22:54:31	2	< 0.1%
Other values (374288)	374835	> 99.9%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	373741 ?
Unique (%)	99.7%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	19
Median length	19
Mean length	19
Min length	19

pledged
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
SKEWED
ZEROS

Distinct	61936
Distinct (%)	16.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	9750.538301
Minimum	0
Maximum	20338986.27
Zeros	51808
Zeros (%)	13.8%
Memory size	2.9 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	31
median	620
Q3	4080
95-th percentile	30010.05
Maximum	20338986.27
Range	20338986.27
Interquartile range (IQR)	4049

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	96010.93751
Coefficient of variation (CV)	9.846732
Kurtosis	9952.710565
Mean	9750.538301
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	620
Skewness	74.9629582
Sum	3655086787
Variance	9218100121
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	51808	13.8%
1	9023	2.4%
10	4982	1.3%
25	3958	1.1%
50	3594	1.0%
5	3577	1.0%
20	3196	0.9%
100	3030	0.8%
2	2399	0.6%
30	2110	0.6%
Other values (61926)	287183	76.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	51808	13.8%
1	9023	2.4%
1.01	5	< 0.1%
1.02	3	< 0.1%
1.03	3	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
20338986.27	1	< 0.1%
13285226.36	1	< 0.1%
12779843.49	1	< 0.1%
12393139.69	1	< 0.1%
10266845.74	1	< 0.1%

state
Categorical

Distinct	5
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.9 MiB

failed	197611
successful	133851
canceled	38757
live	2798
suspended	1843

Frequencies
Length

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
failed	197611	52.7%
successful	133851	35.7%
canceled	38757	10.3%
live	2798	0.7%
suspended	1843	0.5%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	10
Median length	6
Mean length	7.634879688
Min length	4

backers
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

SKEWED
ZEROS

Distinct	3963
Distinct (%)	1.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	106.6883663
Minimum	0
Maximum	219382
Zeros	51811
Zeros (%)	13.8%
Memory size	2.9 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	2
median	12
Q3	57
95-th percentile	338
Maximum	219382
Range	219382
Interquartile range (IQR)	55

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	911.7101242
Coefficient of variation (CV)	8.545543958
Kurtosis	13818.22311
Mean	106.6883663
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	12
Skewness	86.34074093
Sum	39993201
Variance	831215.3506
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	51811	13.8%
1	34868	9.3%
2	23196	6.2%
3	16063	4.3%
4	12068	3.2%
5	9715	2.6%
6	8137	2.2%
7	7014	1.9%
8	6198	1.7%
9	5553	1.5%
Other values (3953)	200237	53.4%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	51811	13.8%
1	34868	9.3%
2	23196	6.2%
3	16063	4.3%
4	12068	3.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
219382	1	< 0.1%
154926	1	< 0.1%
105857	1	< 0.1%
91585	1	< 0.1%
87142	1	< 0.1%

country
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	22
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.9 MiB

US	292624
GB	33671
CA	14756
AU	7839
DE	4171
Other values (17)	21799

Frequencies
Length

Common Values
Overview

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
US	292624	78.1%
GB	33671	9.0%
CA	14756	3.9%
AU	7839	2.1%
DE	4171	1.1%
FR	2939	0.8%
IT	2878	0.8%
NL	2868	0.8%
ES	2276	0.6%
SE	1757	0.5%
Other values (12)	9081	2.4%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	2
Median length	2
Mean length	2
Min length	2

usd pledged
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
SKEWED
ZEROS

Distinct	95454
Distinct (%)	25.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	7036.802252
Minimum	0
Maximum	20338986.27
Zeros	68111
Zeros (%)	18.2%
Memory size	2.9 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	16.98
median	394.765
Q3	3034.425
95-th percentile	22433.0475
Maximum	20338986.27
Range	20338986.27
Interquartile range (IQR)	3017.445

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	78640.16167
Coefficient of variation (CV)	11.17555373
Kurtosis	18960.72249
Mean	7036.802252
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	394.765
Skewness	105.8993653
Sum	2637815692
Variance	6184275027
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	68111	18.2%
1	5341	1.4%
25	3877	1.0%
10	3624	1.0%
50	3141	0.8%
100	2673	0.7%
5	2598	0.7%
20	2473	0.7%
30	1717	0.5%
2	1451	0.4%
Other values (95444)	279854	74.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	68111	18.2%
0.47	3	< 0.1%
0.48	1	< 0.1%
0.51	1	< 0.1%
0.52	3	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
20338986.27	1	< 0.1%
13285226.36	1	< 0.1%
12779843.49	1	< 0.1%
10266845.74	1	< 0.1%
9192055.66	1	< 0.1%

usd_pledged_real
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
SKEWED
ZEROS

Distinct	105383
Distinct (%)	28.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	9120.898549
Minimum	0
Maximum	20338986.27
Zeros	51808
Zeros (%)	13.8%
Memory size	2.9 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	31
median	624.495
Q3	4050.895
95-th percentile	28376.0375
Maximum	20338986.27
Range	20338986.27
Interquartile range (IQR)	4019.895

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	91319.69443
Coefficient of variation (CV)	10.01213794
Kurtosis	11733.90245
Mean	9120.898549
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	624.495
Skewness	82.00467516
Sum	3419060030
Variance	8339286591
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	51808	13.8%
1	6557	1.7%
10	3605	1.0%
25	3423	0.9%
50	2915	0.8%
5	2564	0.7%
100	2436	0.6%
20	2340	0.6%
2	1676	0.4%
30	1642	0.4%
Other values (105373)	295894	78.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	51808	13.8%
0.45	1	< 0.1%
0.47	1	< 0.1%
0.48	2	< 0.1%
0.49	5	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
20338986.27	1	< 0.1%
13285226.36	1	< 0.1%
12779843.49	1	< 0.1%
12393139.69	1	< 0.1%
10266845.74	1	< 0.1%

usd_goal_real
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
SKEWED

Distinct	50032
Distinct (%)	13.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	45863.02597
Minimum	0.01
Maximum	166361390.7
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.9 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.01
5-th percentile	400
Q1	2000
median	5500
Q3	16000
95-th percentile	80000
Maximum	166361390.7
Range	166361390.7
Interquartile range (IQR)	14000

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1158767.373
Coefficient of variation (CV)	25.26582902
Kurtosis	7011.97199
Mean	45863.02597
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	4500
Skewness	77.82887696
Sum	1.719221392e+10
Variance	1.342741824e+12
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5000	23720	6.3%
10000	20785	5.5%
1000	13028	3.5%
3000	12402	3.3%
2000	11668	3.1%
15000	11373	3.0%
20000	10121	2.7%
2500	9641	2.6%
500	8587	2.3%
25000	8361	2.2%
Other values (50022)	245174	65.4%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.01	2	< 0.1%
0.15	1	< 0.1%
0.49	1	< 0.1%
0.5	1	< 0.1%
0.55	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
166361390.7	1	< 0.1%
151395869.9	1	< 0.1%
110169771.6	1	< 0.1%
107369867.7	1	< 0.1%
104057189.8	1	< 0.1%

GoalReachedPercentage
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

SKEWED
ZEROS

Distinct	120288
Distinct (%)	32.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	326.2892755
Minimum	0
Maximum	10427789
Zeros	51808
Zeros (%)	13.8%
Memory size	2.9 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0.4571428571
median	13.42
Q3	106.5281429
95-th percentile	257.9724638
Maximum	10427789
Range	10427789
Interquartile range (IQR)	106.071

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	26824.81875
Coefficient of variation (CV)	82.21176964
Kurtosis	80344.90649
Mean	326.2892755
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	13.42
Skewness	252.5160537
Sum	122312797.8
Variance	719570901.2
Monotocity	Decreasing

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	51808	13.8%
100	4119	1.1%
1	2033	0.5%
0.1	1879	0.5%
0.2	1776	0.5%
0.5	1644	0.4%
2	1441	0.4%
0.02	1430	0.4%
0.05	1121	0.3%
0.4	1119	0.3%
Other values (120278)	306490	81.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	51808	13.8%
1e-06	8	< 0.1%
1.25e-06	1	< 0.1%
1.818181818e-06	1	< 0.1%
2e-06	3	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
10427789	1	< 0.1%
6876410	1	< 0.1%
5526657	1	< 0.1%
4153501	1	< 0.1%
3284300	1	< 0.1%

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Cramér's V (φc)

Cramér's V is an association measure for nominal random variables. The coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 indicating independence and 1 indicating perfect association. The empirical estimators used for Cramér's V have been proved to be biased, even for large samples. We use a bias-corrected measure that has been proposed by Bergsma in 2013 that can be found here.

Count
Matrix

First rows

	ID	name	category	main_category	currency	deadline	goal	launched	pledged	state	backers	country	usd pledged	usd_pledged_real	usd_goal_real	GoalReachedPercentage
0	9509582	VULFPECK /// The Beautiful Game	Music	Music	USD	2016-10-17	1.0	2016-08-18 09:04:03	104277.89	successful	3917	US	23874.13	104277.89	1.00	10427789.0
1	1947298033	Re-covering with Friends	Rock	Music	USD	2016-12-13	1.0	2016-10-14 19:04:27	68764.10	successful	955	US	9306.00	68764.10	1.00	6876410.0
2	907870443	VULFPECK /// Thrill of the Arts	Music	Music	USD	2015-10-09	1.0	2015-08-10 19:31:56	55266.57	successful	1673	US	55266.57	55266.57	1.00	5526657.0
3	1388400809	Energy Hook	Video Games	Games	USD	2013-06-10	1.0	2013-05-10 01:22:38	41535.01	successful	1622	US	41535.01	41535.01	1.00	4153501.0
4	1413857335	Band of Brothers 2nd Chance	Tabletop Games	Games	USD	2016-08-02	1.0	2016-07-12 00:29:12	32843.00	successful	268	US	26095.00	32843.00	1.00	3284300.0
5	521903377	CLOCKWRIGHT: Large-Scale Analogue Time Machines	Sculpture	Art	USD	2016-01-13	1.0	2015-12-14 12:57:33	27588.23	successful	162	US	27588.23	27588.23	1.00	2758823.0
6	951161619	Heartbreak Hits – Theo Katzman's Second LP	Music	Music	USD	2017-01-03	1.0	2016-11-04 15:52:18	24675.00	successful	665	US	7375.00	24675.00	1.00	2467500.0
7	550443638	Penny Arcade's Podcast, "Downloadable Content": The Return	Radio & Podcasts	Publishing	USD	2013-05-31	10.0	2013-05-08 20:02:14	230360.67	successful	5001	US	230360.67	230360.67	10.00	2303606.7
8	1077219132	THE 'mi8' RISES \| The Best Wireless Duo Stereo Sound System	Hardware	Technology	USD	2016-10-13	1.0	2016-09-13 18:03:12	22603.00	successful	163	US	9154.00	22603.00	1.00	2260300.0
9	1836862932	CO-OP THE GAME (Canceled)	Video Games	Games	CAD	2013-10-14	1.0	2013-09-09 23:15:12	16949.00	canceled	35	CA	16283.38	16461.73	0.97	1694900.0

Last rows

	ID	name	category	main_category	currency	deadline	goal	launched	state	country	usd_goal_real
374850	1388325400	Valentino Rossi 46 FanPage	Web	Journalism	EUR	2016-03-04	5000.0	2016-02-03 21:47:15	failed	IT	5484.98
374851	493207574	Supalime Open Story	Publishing	Publishing	USD	2015-11-14	20000.0	2015-10-15 02:01:13	failed	US	20000.00
374852	493338372	The Golden Spirit Webcomic: Chapter 1	Webcomics	Comics	USD	2016-09-27	8000.0	2016-07-29 01:16:08	canceled	US	8000.00
374853	493320837	Funding for Pepakura helmets	Comics	Comics	GBP	2014-08-20	55.0	2014-07-21 20:39:17	failed	GB	91.18
374854	49329378	Two Full-Length Feature Films in 10 Days	Film & Video	Film & Video	USD	2011-09-29	25000.0	2011-09-04 17:28:45	failed	US	25000.00
374855	493272583	Bite O' Blue® (Canceled)	Food	Food	USD	2012-02-15	38000.0	2011-12-17 02:46:31	canceled	US	38000.00
374856	493244824	Funny Video About Emigration	Music Videos	Film & Video	GBP	2014-08-11	600.0	2014-07-12 07:52:00	failed	GB	1001.40
374857	493224232	Secret Kickstarter Project (Canceled)	Technology	Technology	EUR	2014-08-16	5000.0	2014-07-17 01:18:13	canceled	NL	6633.50
374858	493218174	Do It Yourself Wood Projects and Art	Public Art	Art	USD	2015-11-21	35000.0	2015-10-16 22:49:49	failed	US	35000.00
374859	1000002330	The Songs of Adelaide & Abullah	Poetry	Publishing	GBP	2015-10-09	1000.0	2015-08-11 12:12:28	failed	GB	1533.95

Overview

Variables

Interactions

Correlations

Pearson's r

Spearman's ρ

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Cramér's V (φc)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows